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Construction compliance guide

Scaffolding Safety: Regulations, Inspections, and What to Check

Falls from scaffolding kill and seriously injure construction workers every year. Here is what the law requires, what you need to check, and how to make sure your scaffold is safe.

Why scaffolding safety matters

Falls from height are the single biggest killer in UK construction, and scaffolding is involved in a significant proportion of those deaths. The HSE’s own figures consistently show that falls from scaffolding — whether from the working platform, through gaps in boards, or during erection and dismantling — are one of the leading causes of fatal and serious injuries on construction sites.

But it is not just falls. Scaffold collapses, falling materials from poorly boarded platforms, and objects striking people below all contribute to the toll. A scaffold that is poorly erected, inadequately tied, overloaded, or not inspected regularly is a serious hazard — not just for the people working on it, but for everyone on site and members of the public nearby.

The good news is that scaffolding accidents are preventable. The regulations, standards, and inspection requirements exist because they work. When scaffolds are erected properly, inspected regularly, and used correctly, they are a safe and effective way to work at height. The problems come when corners are cut — and on construction sites, corners get cut more often than anyone would like to admit.

The legal framework

Scaffolding safety in the UK is governed primarily by the Work at Height Regulations 2005. These regulations apply to all work at height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury. Scaffolding is specifically covered in Schedules 2 through 6 of the regulations.

The key legal requirements for scaffolding are:

  • Competent persons. Scaffolding must only be erected, altered, or dismantled under the supervision of a competent person, and by workers who have received appropriate training for the operations concerned. For most tube and fitting scaffolds, this means CISRS-trained scaffolders.
  • Inspection before use. A scaffold must not be used until it has been inspected by a competent person at the place of work. This applies after initial erection and after any substantial alteration.
  • Regular inspections. Scaffolds must be inspected at intervals not exceeding seven days, and after any event likely to have affected their stability — such as high winds, heavy rain, or accidental impact from plant or vehicles.
  • Written reports. The results of every inspection must be recorded in writing. The report must include the date and time, the location, the name of the inspector, and details of any defects found.
  • Strength and stability. Every scaffold must be strong enough, stable enough, and rigid enough for the purpose for which it is intended. It must not be overloaded, and it must be erected on a firm, level foundation.

These are not guidelines or best practice — they are legal requirements. Failure to comply can result in enforcement action, prohibition notices, prosecution, and unlimited fines. If someone is killed or seriously injured because a scaffold was not properly erected, inspected, or maintained, individuals as well as companies can face criminal charges.

Key standards: NASC SG4 and TG20

Beyond the Work at Height Regulations, there are two industry standards that every builder working with scaffolding should know about. Both are published by the National Access and Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) and are widely regarded as the benchmark for good practice.

SG4 — Preventing Falls in Scaffolding Operations

SG4 is the NASC’s guidance on preventing falls during the erection, alteration, and dismantling of scaffolding. These are the most dangerous phases of scaffolding work, because the guard rails, toe boards, and other fall protection that protect users of the finished scaffold are not yet in place. SG4 sets out methods for protecting scaffolders during these operations, including the use of advance guard rails and personal fall protection. It is the standard that scaffolding contractors are expected to follow, and the HSE references it in their enforcement work.

TG20 — Technical Guidance on Tube and Fitting Scaffolding

TG20 provides detailed technical guidance on the design, erection, and use of tube and fitting scaffolds. Its most significant feature is the compliance sheet system. For standard scaffold configurations that fall within the TG20 parameters — defined by height, bay length, lift height, number of boards, loading class, and tie pattern — a TG20 compliance sheet can replace a full bespoke design drawing. This saves time and cost for straightforward scaffolds while still ensuring they are properly designed. If the scaffold falls outside TG20 scope, a bespoke design by a competent engineer is required.

Inspection requirements

Scaffold inspections are not optional and they are not something you can do informally. The Work at Height Regulations set out exactly when inspections must happen and how they must be recorded.

A scaffold must be inspected by a competent person:

  • Before first use. After the scaffold has been erected and before anyone uses it for work. The scaffolding contractor should not hand over a scaffold until it has been inspected.
  • After any substantial alteration. If the scaffold is modified — boards added or removed, lifts raised, loading bays installed — it must be inspected again before it is used.
  • After any event likely to affect stability. High winds, heavy rain, frost, accidental impact from plant or vehicles, subsidence of the ground — any of these could affect the scaffold and trigger an inspection requirement.
  • At intervals not exceeding seven days. This is the ongoing requirement. Every scaffold on your site must be formally inspected at least once every seven days for as long as it is standing. No exceptions.

Every inspection must be recorded in a scaffold inspection report. The report must include the date and time, a description and location of the scaffold, the name and position of the person who carried out the inspection, details of any defects found, and the action taken. Reports must be kept on site and be available for the HSE or the principal contractor to review at any time.

What to check on a scaffold

Whether you are the competent person carrying out a formal inspection or a site manager doing a daily visual check, here are the key things to look for:

  • Base plates and sole boards are on firm, level ground — no rocking, no sinking, no undermining by water.
  • Standards (uprights) are plumb and level, with no visible bending or damage.
  • Ledgers and transoms are secure, with all couplers properly tightened.
  • Guard rails are in place at the correct height — minimum 950mm above the working platform.
  • Toe boards are in place — minimum 150mm height — to prevent materials and tools falling off the platform.
  • All platform boards are in place, in good condition, and properly supported. No gaps wider than 25mm.
  • Access ladders are secured at top and bottom and set at the correct angle (approximately 75 degrees or a 4:1 ratio).
  • Scaffold ties are in place and secure. Ties prevent the scaffold pulling away from the building and are critical to stability.
  • The scaffold is not overloaded — materials are not being stored excessively on the platform, and the loading class is being respected.
  • The scaffold tag or handover certificate is displayed and shows the scaffold is safe to use.
  • Bracing is in place and undamaged, providing lateral stability to the structure.
  • There is no unauthorised alteration — no boards, rails, or ties have been removed without the scaffolding contractor’s knowledge.

If you find any defects, the scaffold — or the affected part of it — must not be used until the issue is resolved. Report defects to the scaffolding contractor immediately and prevent access to the affected area until repairs are made.

Handover certificates and scaffold tags

When a scaffolding contractor finishes erecting or altering a scaffold, they should provide a handover certificate. This is a formal document confirming that the scaffold has been erected in accordance with the design or TG20 compliance sheet, has been inspected, and is safe to use for its intended purpose. The certificate should detail the permitted loading, the number of boarded lifts, and any restrictions on use.

Most scaffolding companies also use a scaffold tag system. Tags are attached to the scaffold at every access point and provide a clear, visual indication of the scaffold’s status:

Green tag — Safe to use

The scaffold has been inspected, is complete, and is safe for use. The tag will show the date of the last inspection, the permitted loading, and the name of the competent person who inspected it. Only use a scaffold that displays a current green tag.

Red tag — Do not use

The scaffold is incomplete, under alteration, has failed an inspection, or is otherwise unsafe. A red tag means no one should access the scaffold for any reason until the issue is resolved and the tag is changed to green. Incomplete scaffolds must also have access prevented — by removing ladders or blocking access points — so that workers cannot accidentally use them.

Never use a scaffold without checking the tag first. If there is no tag, treat the scaffold as unsafe until you have confirmed its status with the scaffolding contractor. If the tag is out of date — meaning the last inspection was more than seven days ago — the scaffold needs re-inspecting before use.

How The Site Book handles scaffolding

When you describe your project to The Site Book, it identifies where scaffolding is likely to be needed and includes scaffolding safety considerations in your RAMS automatically. That means the risks associated with scaffold use, the control measures required, and the inspection obligations are all captured in your project documentation from the start.

The Site Book flags competency requirements — making it clear that scaffold erection, alteration, and dismantling must be carried out by trained operatives — and includes inspection schedules so you know when your next seven-day inspection is due. It also prompts you to obtain handover certificates and check scaffold tags before allowing work to proceed.

The result is a set of site safety documents that already account for scaffolding requirements, so you are not trying to remember the regulations from scratch on every job. You review the output, adjust anything specific to your project, and download professional documentation that covers your scaffolding obligations as part of your wider compliance paperwork.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions builders ask about scaffolding safety.

Who can inspect scaffolding?

Scaffolding inspections must be carried out by a competent person. Under the Work at Height Regulations 2005, a competent person is someone with sufficient training, experience, and knowledge to identify defects and assess whether the scaffold is safe to use. There is no single required qualification, but in practice most competent persons hold a CISRS Scaffolding Inspection Training Scheme (SITS) card or equivalent. The key point is that the person must genuinely understand scaffolding — they need to know what a properly erected scaffold looks like, what the common defects are, and what the relevant standards require. A general site manager who has never worked with scaffolding would not normally be considered competent to inspect it, even if they are experienced in other areas of construction. The person carrying out the inspection must also be sufficiently independent — they should not be under pressure to pass a scaffold that is not safe. On smaller sites, a competent scaffold erector or an experienced site manager with scaffold inspection training may carry out inspections. On larger projects, a dedicated scaffold coordinator or the scaffolding contractor’s own inspection team will usually handle it. Whoever does the inspection, the results must be recorded in writing and the report kept on site.

How often must scaffolding be inspected?

The Work at Height Regulations 2005, Schedule 7, set out the minimum inspection requirements for scaffolding. A scaffold must be inspected before it is first used after erection, after any substantial alteration, after any event likely to have affected its stability (such as high winds, heavy rain, or accidental impact), and at intervals not exceeding seven days. The seven-day rule is the one that catches most people out. It means that every scaffold on your site needs a formal inspection at least once a week, every week, for as long as it is standing. If a scaffold has been up for three months, that is at least twelve inspections you need to have recorded. Missing even one leaves you exposed — both legally and in terms of the safety of anyone working on or near the scaffold. Each inspection must be recorded in a scaffold inspection report. The report must include the date and time of the inspection, the location and description of the scaffold, the name of the person who carried out the inspection, and details of any defects found and the action taken. These reports must be kept on site and available for inspection by the HSE or the principal contractor.

Do I need a scaffold design?

It depends on the complexity of the scaffold. For standard configurations — a basic independent or birdcage scaffold that follows the dimensions and loading criteria set out in TG20 — a full bespoke design by a structural engineer is not required. Instead, the scaffolding contractor can produce a TG20 compliance sheet, which confirms that the scaffold conforms to the guidance and has been erected within the permitted parameters. The TG20 compliance sheet acts as the design document. However, if the scaffold falls outside the scope of TG20 — for example, if it is unusually tall, heavily loaded, has complex geometry, is free-standing, or is subject to unusual wind conditions — then a bespoke design by a competent engineer is required. The design must be specific to the scaffold being erected and must take into account the loads it will carry, the ground conditions, the wind exposure, and any ties to the building. In practice, most residential and small commercial scaffolds will be covered by TG20. Larger or more unusual scaffolds will need a bespoke design. If you are unsure, ask your scaffolding contractor whether the scaffold is within TG20 scope. If it is not, they should be providing a design drawing and calculations before they start erecting.

What is a TG20 compliance sheet?

TG20 stands for Technical Guidance Note 20, published by the National Access and Scaffolding Confederation (NASC). It provides detailed guidance on the design and erection of tube and fitting scaffolding. The TG20 compliance sheet is a document generated using the TG20 software tool, which confirms that a particular scaffold configuration — defined by its height, lift heights, bay lengths, number of boards, loading class, and tie pattern — complies with the TG20 guidance and does not require a bespoke design. The compliance sheet is scaffold-specific: it is generated for the actual dimensions and configuration of the scaffold being erected. It includes details of the permitted loading, the required tie pattern, the base plate and sole board requirements, and any other conditions that must be met. If the scaffold is erected in accordance with the compliance sheet, it is considered to have a valid design. The TG20 system was introduced to reduce the burden of commissioning full design drawings for straightforward scaffolds. Before TG20, even simple scaffolds technically needed a bespoke design, which was expensive and time-consuming. TG20 compliance sheets give scaffolding contractors a practical way to demonstrate compliance for standard configurations. However, the compliance sheet is only valid if the scaffold is actually erected to match the parameters in the sheet. If the scaffolders deviate from the specified configuration, the compliance sheet no longer applies.

Can I alter scaffolding myself?

No. Under the Work at Height Regulations 2005, scaffolding must only be erected, altered, or dismantled by competent persons who have received appropriate training for the complexity of the scaffold. For most tube and fitting scaffolds, this means CISRS-trained scaffolders. Altering a scaffold includes removing boards, moving guard rails, removing ties, adding loading bays, or changing the configuration in any way. Even seemingly minor changes — like removing a single board to get materials through, or unclipping a guard rail to access a window — can compromise the structural integrity of the scaffold and create a fall risk. If you need a scaffold altered, contact the scaffolding contractor and ask them to make the change. They will assess whether the alteration is safe, carry out the work using trained operatives, update the TG20 compliance sheet or design if necessary, and re-inspect the scaffold before handing it back for use. If you alter the scaffold yourself and someone is injured or killed as a result, you could face prosecution for breaching the Work at Height Regulations. The HSE takes unauthorised scaffold alterations very seriously. It is one of the most common causes of scaffold collapses and falls from height on construction sites. The rule is simple: if you are not a trained scaffolder, do not touch the scaffold.

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