Key points to cover
- Segregate pedestrians and vehicles wherever possible — use physical barriers, not just signs
- All plant operators must be trained, competent and authorised for the machine they are operating — usually shown by a valid CPCS or NPORS card
- Reversing is the most dangerous manoeuvre — use a banksman, reversing cameras, and audible alarms
- Never walk behind or close to moving plant — assume the operator cannot see you
- Wear high-visibility clothing at all times in areas where vehicles operate
- Mobile plant must be fitted with appropriate safety devices: FOPS, ROPS, mirrors, and reversing aids
Do's and don'ts
Do
- Use designated pedestrian walkways and crossing points
- Make eye contact with the operator before approaching any machine
- Obey site speed limits — typically 5-10 mph on construction sites
- Use a trained banksman when reversing plant in areas with restricted visibility
- Check mirrors, cameras, and blind spots before moving off
Don't
- Never walk behind reversing vehicles or plant
- Never approach an excavator within the swing radius of the arm
- Never ride in the bucket of a telehandler, excavator, or loading shovel
- Never operate plant you are not trained and authorised to use
- Never leave keys in unattended plant — remove keys and apply the parking brake
Questions to check understanding
Q1: What is the most dangerous manoeuvre involving mobile plant?
Show the answer
Reversing. A significant proportion of workplace transport fatalities involve reversing vehicles. Operators have limited rear visibility, and pedestrians can be struck or crushed. Use banksmen, one-way systems, and turning areas to minimise the need to reverse.
Q2: How should pedestrians and vehicles be separated on a construction site?
Show the answer
By physical barriers such as concrete blocks, armco barriers, or fencing — not just signs or painted lines. Dedicated pedestrian walkways should be clearly marked and maintained, with designated crossing points where routes must intersect.
Q3: What should you do before approaching any mobile plant?
Show the answer
Make eye contact with the operator to confirm they have seen you. Approach from the front or side, never from behind. Wait for the machine to stop moving before entering the working zone. Follow any site-specific rules for that type of plant.
Q4: What does FOPS and ROPS stand for on mobile plant?
Show the answer
FOPS is Falling Object Protective Structure — a reinforced cab roof to protect the operator from falling objects. ROPS is Roll-Over Protective Structure — a reinforced frame designed to protect the operator if the machine overturns. Both are legal requirements on relevant plant.
This is general guidance for UK construction sites. Check it against your own risk assessment, method statement and the site before you deliver it.